浅谈执行担保中担保的方式

朱凯


　　担保行为不仅仅可以发生在民商事关系中，也可以发生在司法程序中（如在法院执行程序中的执行担保），所以我国《担保法》及《也同样适用于执行中的担保行为。但是，执行程序中的担保行为又与民商事关系中发生的担保有很多的不同之处，因此，在《担保法》及其司法解释的适用上也会有各自的不相同之处。依据《担保法》及其司法解释的相关规定，适用于民商事关系中的担保方式共有五种，即保证、抵押、质押、留置、定金，而由于执行程序在司法程序中的特殊性，只有保证、抵押、质押三种方式适用于执行程序。

一、执行担保中的保证

　　执行担保中的保证是指保证人经申请执行人同意，向执行法院作出保证，当被执行人不履行生效法律文书确定的义务时，由其代为清偿的行为。该保证行为适用于《担保法》及其司法解释中的相关规定，但应当注意以下几个方面，主要以与民商事关系中的保证不同之处相比较而言：
1、保证的对象不同。民商事关系中的保证是保证人向债权人提供担保，而执行中的保证是保证人向执行法院担保。执行程序中的保证是在非平等主体之间的行为，当被执行人在保证期间届满时仍未能自动履行义务，无须通过诉讼程序，就可以直接强制执行保证人的财产。
2、保证期间不同。民事商关系中的保证期间是根据当事人约定或者法律规定，债权人应当向债务人或者保证人主张权利的期间。在此期间内，债权人没有主张权利，则保证人不再承担责任。而在执行程序中的保证期间是只要被执行人没有履行生效法律文书所确定的义务，就永远依附于主债务的存在而存在，不发生保证期间届满的后果。
3、保证方式不同。民商事关系中的保证有一般责任保证和连带责任保证。而执行程序中的保证，依据《民事诉讼法》第212条的规定：“在执行中，被执行人向人民法院提供担保，并经申请执行人同意的，人民法院可以决定暂缓执行及暂缓执行的期限，被执行人逾期不履行的，人民法院有权执行被执行人的担保财产或者担保人的财产。”因此，执行中保证人的责任只能是连带责任保证。

二、执行担保中的抵押

　　执行担保中的抵押是指被执行人或第三人以不转移《担保法》第34条所列财产的占有，将该财产作为被执行人履行生效法律文书所确定的债务的担保。被执行人逾期不履行的，执行法院有权将该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿给申请人。在执行实践中，应适用《担保法》及其司法解释中的相关规定，但也应注意以下几个方面：
1、执行法院不以一方当事人的身份与抵押人订立抵押担保合同。在执行担保中，只要被执行人或第三人依据《担保法》第39条的规定，向执行法院提交执行抵押担保书即可。
2、执行担保中的抵押不需要严格按照《担保法》第41条及司法解释第132的规定办理抵押物的登记手续，执行法院只要接受了抵押并将抵押财产的权利证书予以扣押，抵押关系即告成立和生效。
3、执行担保中的抵押，在暂缓执行期限届满后，被执行人仍未履行义务的，执行法院可以直接裁定执行抵押物，也可以执行被执行人的其他财产。

三、执行担保中的质押

　　执行担保中的质押是指被执行人或第三人将其动产或财产权利移交法院占有，以该动产或财产权利作为被执行人履行生效法律文书确定的义务的担保。当被执行人在暂缓期间届满后仍不履行生效法律文书所确定的义务，执行法院可以直接以该动产或财产权利折价或者以拍卖、变卖该动产或财产权利的价款优先清偿给申请人。在执行实践中，执行担保中的质押适用《担保法》及其司法解释应注意以下几个方面：

1、用动产作执行担保中的质押的，该动产如果有明确的权属证书，执行法院只要将动产的权属证书予以扣押，质押关系即为成立和生效。对于没有明确的权属证书的动产，应将质押物移交至执行法院，可以交付申请人保管，因申请人保管不善而导致质押物灭失或毁损的，由申请人承担保管质押物不善的民事赔偿责任。如果执行法院认为质押物不便于保管，申请执行人也不接受保管的，也可以委托仓库等保管机构保管，费用由担保人支付。如果没有仓库可委托的，执行法院不应确认和接受该质押担保。

2、用财产权利作执行担保中的质押的，应根据最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉若干问题的解释》第132条的规定，对质押的财产权利的权属证书予以扣押，同时向有关部门发出协助执行通知书，要求其在规定的时间内不予办理担保财产权利的转移手续。



黑龙江省北安市人民法院 朱凯





税务总局


增值税专用发票使用规定(试行)(附英文)

1993年12月30日，税务总局

第一条 增值税专用发票(以下简称专用发票)只限于增值税的一般纳税人领购使用, 增值税的小规模纳税人和非增值税纳税人不得领购使用。
第二条 一般纳税人有下列情形之一者, 不得领购使用专用发票:
(一)会计核算不健全, 即不能按会计制度和税务机关的要求准确核算增值税的销项税额、进项税额和应纳税额者。
(二) 不能向税务机关准确提供增值税销项税额、进项税额、应纳税额数据及其他有关增值税税务资料者。
上述其他有关增值税税务资料的内容, 由国家税务总局直属分局确定。
(三) 有以下行为, 经税务机关责令限期改正而仍未改正者:
1.私自印制专用发票;
2.向个人或税务机关以外的单位买取专用发票;
3.借用他人专用发票;
4.向他人提供专用发票;
5.未按本规定第五条的要求开具专用发票;
6.未按规定保管专用发票;
7.未按本规定第十六条的规定申报专用发票的购、用、存情况;
8.未按规定接受税务机关检查。
(四) 销售的货物全部属于免税项目者。
有上列情形的一般纳税人如已领购使用专用发票, 税务机关应收缴其结存的专用发票。
第三条 除本规定第四条所列情形外, 一般纳税人销售货物 (包括视同销售货物在内) 、应税劳务, 根据增值税细则规定应当征收增值税的非应税劳务 (以下简称销售应税项目) , 必须向购买方开具专用发票。
第四条 下列情形不得开具专用发票:
(一) 向消费者销售应税项目。
(二) 销售免税项目。
(三) 销售报关出口的货物、在境外销售应税劳务。
(四) 将货物用于非应税项目。
(五) 将货物用于集体福利或个人消费。
(六) 将货物无偿赠送他人。
(七) 提供非应税劳务(应当征收增值税的除外)、转让无形资产或销售不动产。
向小规模纳税人销售应税项目, 可以不开具专用发票。
第五条 专用发票必须按下列要求开具:
(一) 字迹清楚。
(二) 不得涂改。
如填写有误, 应另行开具专用发票, 并在误填的专用发票上注明“误填作废”四字。如专用发票开具后因购货方不索取而成为废票的, 也应按填写有误办理。
(三) 项目填写齐全。
(四) 票、物相符, 票面金额与实际收取的金额相符。
(五) 各项目内容正确无误。
(六) 全部联次一次填开, 上、下联的内容和金额一致。
(七) 发票联和抵扣联加盖财务专用章或发票专用章。
(八) 按照本规定第六条所规定的时限开具专用发票。
(九) 不得开具伪造的专用发票。
(十) 不得拆本使用专用发票。
(十一) 不得开具票样与国家税务总局统一制定的票样不相符合的专用发票。
开具的专用发票有不符合上列要求者, 不得作为扣税凭证, 购买方有权拒收。
第六条 专用发票开具时限规定如下:
(一) 采用预收货款、托收承付、委托银行收款结算方式的, 为货物发出的当天。
(二) 采用交款提货结算方式的, 为收到货款的当天。
(三) 采用赊销、 分期付款结算方式的, 为合同约定的收款日期的当天。
(四) 将货物交付他人代销, 为收到受托人送交的代销清单的当天。
(五) 设有两个以上机构并实行统一核算的纳税人, 将货物从一个机构移送其他机构用于销售, 按规定应当征收增值税的, 为货物移送的当天。
(六) 将货物作为投资提供给其他单位或个体经营者, 为货物移送的当天。
(七) 将货物分配给股东, 为货物移送的当天。
一般纳税人必须按规定时限开具专用发票, 不得提前或滞后。
第七条 专用发票的基本联次统一规定为四联, 各联次必须按以下规定用途使用:
(一) 第一联为存根联, 由销货方留存备查。
(二) 第二联为发票联, 购货方作付款的记帐凭证。
(三) 第三联为税款抵扣联, 购货方作扣税凭证。
(四) 第四联为记帐联, 销货方作销售的记帐凭证。
第八条 除购进免税农业产品和自营进口货物外, 购进应税项目有下列情况之一者, 不得抵扣进项税额:
(一) 未按规定取得专用发票。
(二) 未按规定保管专用发票。
(三) 销售方开具的专用发票不符合本规定第五条第(一)至(九)项和第(十一)项的要求。
第九条 有下列情形之一者, 为本规定第八条所称未按规定取得专用发票:
(一) 未从销售方取得专用发票。
(二) 只取得记帐联或只取得抵扣联。
第十条 有下列情形之一者, 为本规定第二条、第八条所称未按规定保管专用发票:
(一) 未按照税务机关的要求建立专用发票管理制度。
(二) 未按照税务机关的要求设专人保管专用发票。
(三) 未按照税务机关的要求设置专门存放专用发票的场所。
(四) 税款抵扣联未按税务机关的要求装订成册。
(五) 未经税务机关查验擅自销毁专用发票的基本联次。
(六) 丢失专用发票。
(七) 损(撕)毁专用发票。
(八) 未执行国家税务总局或其直属分局提出的其他有关保管专用发票的要求。
第十一条 有本规定第八条所列情形者, 如其购进应税项目的进项税额已经抵扣, 应从税务机关发现其有上述情形的当期的进项税额中扣减。
第十二条 销售货物并向购买方开具专用发票后, 如发生退货或销售折让,应视不同情况分别按以下规定办理:
购买方在未付货款并且未作帐务处理的情况下, 须将原发票联和税款抵扣联主动退还销售方。销售方收到后, 应在该发票联和税款抵扣联及有关的存根联、记帐联上注明“作废”字样, 作为扣减当期销项税额的凭证。未收到购买方退还的专用发票前, 销售方不得扣减当期销项税额。属于销售折让的, 销售方应按折让后的货款重开专用发票。
在购买方已付货款, 或者货款未付但已作帐务处理, 发票联及抵扣联无法退还的情况下, 购买方必须取得当地主管税务机关开具的进货退出或索取折让证明单(以下简称证明单)送交销售方, 作为销售方开具红字专用发票的合法依据。销售方在未收到证明单以前, 不得开具红字专用发票; 收到证明单后, 根据退回货物的数量、价款或折让金额向购买方开具红字专用发票。红字专用发票的存根联、记帐联作为销售方扣减当期销项税额的凭证, 其发票联、税款抵扣联作为购买方扣减进项税额的凭证。
购买方收到红字专用发票后, 应将红字专用发票所注明的增值税额从当期进项税额中扣减。如不扣减, 造成不纳税或少纳税的, 属于偷税行为。
第十三条 使用电子计算机开具专用发票必须报经主管税务机关批准并使用由税务机关监制的机外发票。
第十四条 符合下列条件的一般纳税人, 可以向主管税务机关申请使用电子计算机开具专用发票:
(一) 有专业电子计算机技术人员、操作人员。
(二) 具备通过电子计算机开具专用发票和按月列印进货、销货及库存清单的能力。
(三) 国家税务总局直属分局规定的其他条件。
第十五条 申请使用电子计算机, 必须向主管税务机关提供申请报告及以下资料:
(一) 按照专用发票(机外发票)格式用电子计算机制作的模拟样张。
(二) 根据会计操作程序用电子计算机制作的最近月份的进货、销货及库存清单。
(三) 电子计算机设备的配置情况。
(四) 有关专用电子计算机技术人员、操作人员的情况。
(五) 国家税务总局直属分局要求提供的其他资料。
第十六条 使用专用发票必须按月在《增值税纳税申报表》附列资料栏目中如实填列购、用(包括作废)、存情况。
第十七条 进货退出或索取折让证明单的基本联次为三联: 第一联为存根联, 由税务机关留存备查; 第二联为证明联, 交由购买方送销售方为开具红字专用发票的合法依据; 第三联由购货单位留存。
证明单必须由税务机关开具, 并加盖主管税务机关印章, 不得将证明单交由纳税人自行开具。
证明单的印制, 按照《中华人民共和国发票管理办法》及其细则有关发票印制的规定办理。
一般纳税人取得的证明单应按照税务机关的要求装订成册, 并按照有关发票保管的规定进行保管。
第十八条 专用发票的票样与进货退出或索取折让证明单的样式, 由国家税务总局统一制定, 其他单位和纳税人不得擅自改变。
第十九条 本规定所称税务机关、主管税务机关、均指国家税务总局及其所属支局以上征收机关。
第二十条 本规定自1994年1月1日起执行。

PROVISIONS FOR THE USE OF SPECIAL INVOICES OF VALUE-ADDED TAX

(State Administration of Taxation: 27 December 1993)

Whole Doc.
The
(hereinafter referred to as "the Provisions") are formulated by the State
Administration of Taxation to tighten control over the use of special
invoices of Value-Added Tax (hereinafter referred to as "special
invoices") and to ensure the successful implementation of the Value-Added
Tax crediting system based on the amount of tax specified on invoices.
Copies of the Provisions are hereby sent to you with the following notice
on the pertinent questions:
1. Special invoices are not only important commercial papers in
taxpayers' business activities, but also legal certificates on which both
the seller's tax obligation and the amount of imput tax for purchasers are
recorded, with a decisive role in the computation and administration of
Value-Added Tax. Leading comrades of the State Council have given
instructions that the way to administer special invoices should be the
same as for bank notes. As such, tax authorities at all levels in various
places must pay great attention to the use and administration of special
invoices, endeavor to gain the support of government leaders at various
levels and assistance from the financial, banking, auditing,
administration for industry and commerce, public security, public
prosecution and other departments concerned and to make earnest efforts to
strengthen on work guidance and administer strictly in accordance with the
provisions for the use of special invoices.
2. Starting from January 1, 1994, general taxpayers selling goods or
taxable services must issue special invoices in accordance with the
Provisions. In case where special invoices are needed but not issued and
ordinary invoices are still used, purchasers would not be allowed to claim
any credit on input tax.
Ordinary invoices issued in the previous year received by general
taxpayers can be used as tax-crediting certificates only before January
31. For those that cannot be used as certificates for crediting the input
tax of the current period, the input tax which are separated from
start-of-period inventory, may be readjusted upward in accordance with
provisions of the pertinent policy.
3. Those which violate the Provisions for the Use of Special Invoices
shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions for relevant
penalties prescribed in the for the Control of Invoices> and the China for Tax Collection and Administration>.
4. If any problems are found in the implementation of the for the Use of special Invoices of Value-Added Tax>, please report them to
the State Administration of Taxation promptly. Local governments or
departments should not alter these Provisions at will in the course of
their implementation and shall abide to implement accordingly.
Article 1
Special invoices of Value-Added Tax (hereinafter referred to as
"special invoices") shall be obtained, bought and used only by general
taxpayers that pay Value-Added Tax, and not by small-scale taxpayers or
non-Value-Added-Tax taxpayers.
Article 2
General taxpayers shall not obtain, buy or use special invoices in
any one of the following cases:
(1) The accounting system is unsound, i. e., it cannot accurately
compute the output tax, input tax and the amount of Value-Added Tax
payable as required under the accounting regulations and by tax
authorities;
(2) Accurate information for the output tax, input tax, the amount of
Value-Added Tax payable and other information relating to Value-Added Tax
cannot be provided to tax authorities.
The content of "other information relating to Value-Added Tax"
mentioned above shall be defined by the taxation bureaux which are
directly under the State Administration of Taxation;
(3) Engagement in the following activities and failure to correct
itself within the time limit prescribed by tax authorities:
a. Printing special invoices without authorization;
b. Buying special invoices from individual persons or units other
than tax authorities;
c. Using special invoices borrowed from other;
d. Providing special invoices for use by other;
e. Failing to issue special invoices in accordance with the
requirements as prescribed in Article 5 of the Provisions;
f. Failing to preserve special invoices in accordance with the
requirements under the Provisions;
g. Failing to file the information on the status of the purchase, use
and inventory of special invoices as prescribed in Article 16 of the
Provisions;
h. Failing to accept inspection by tax authorities according to the
requirements under the Provisions.
(4) Sale of goods which fall within the tax exempt items.
If any of the aforesaid cases occur with a general taxpayer that has
obtained, bought and used special invoices, the tax authorities shall take
away the special invoices retained by that taxpayers.
Article 3
Except for the circumstances specified in Article 4 of these
Provisions, general taxpayer selling goods (including those regarded as
selling goods), taxable services, or non-taxable services on which
Value-Added Tax shall be levied as prescribed in the Detailed Rules for
the Implementation of Value-Added Tax (hereinafter referred to as "selling
taxable items") must issue special invoices to purchasers.
Article 4
Special invoices cannot be issued in the following circumstances:
(1) Selling taxable items to consumers;
(2) Selling tax exempt items;
(3) Selling goods that have been declared export at the customs
office or selling taxable services abroad;
(4) Using goods on items not subject to Value-Added Tax;
(5) Using goods on group welfare or for personal consumption;
(6) Presenting goods as gifts to others without a consideration; or
(7) Providing non-taxable services (except services on which
Value-Added Tax shall be levied), transferring intangible assets, or
selling immovable property.
Taxable items can be sold to small-scale taxpayers without issuing
special invoices.
Article 5
Special invoices must be issued in accordance with the following
requirements:
(1) The writing must be legible;
(2) There shall be no alteration;
If a special invoice is filled out incorrectly, it should be affixed
with the words "canceled for mistakes" and a new special invoice would be
issued. If a special invoice that has been issued and becomes invalid as a
result of not being claimed by the purchasers, it shall also be handled as
if the invoice is filled out incorrectly.
(3) All the items should be filled in;
(4) The special invoice and the goods must tally with each other, the
amount specified on the special invoice and the amount of money collected
must tally with each other;
(5) The content of all items are correct;
(6) All copies of the invoice shall be filled out at one time and the
content and amount on all copies shall be consistent;
(7) The "invoice copy" and the "credit copy" shall be affixed with
the special stamp for use by the financial department or for use in
invoices;
(8) Special invoices must be issued at the time prescribed in Article
6 of the Provisions;
(9) Counterfeit special invoices shall not be issued;
(10) Special invoices detached from invoice books shall not be used;
and
(11) Special invoices that do not conform with the forms produced on
an unified basis by the State Administration of Taxation shall not be
used.
Any special invoices that do not conform with the aforesaid
requirements will not be used as taxcrediting certificates and purchasers
shall have the right not to accept them.
Article 6
The time limit for issuance of special invoices is prescribed as
follows:
(1) If accounts are settled by the methods of advance payment, bills
of collection and acceptance, or by authorizing banks to collect payments,
it is the day when the goods are despatched;
(2) If accounts are settled by the method of payment on delivery, it
shall be the day when the payment is received;
(3) If the accounts are settled by the methods of credit sales or
hire purchase, it is the day of collection prescribed in contracts;
(4) If goods are sold through consignment agents, it is the day when
the bills of consignment sales are received from consignee;
(5) For the transfer of goods from one establishment to another for
sale by a taxpayer who maintains two or more establishments and keeps
their accounts on a consolidated basis, if Value-Added Tax shall be levied
on such goods according to the provisions, it is the day when the goods
are transferred;
(6) For goods provided to other units or individual business
operators in the from of investment, it is the day when the goods are
transferred; or
(7) For goods distributed to shareholders, it is the day when the
goods are transferred.
General taxpayers must issue special invoices at the prescribed time,
neither earlier nor later.
Article 7
Special invoices are basically in quadruplicate, as stipulated on a
unified basis, and each copy shall be used in accordance with the
following provisions:
(1) The first copy is the "stub copy," which is kept by the seller
for reference;
(2) The second copy is the "invoice copy," which is used by the
purchaser as payment record for bookkeeping;
(3) The third copy is the "credit copy," which is used by the
purchaser as a certificate for claiming input tax credit; and
(4) The fourth copy is the "bookkeeping copy," which is used by the
seller as sales record for bookkeeping.
Article 8
Except for the purchase of tax-exempt agricultural products and
import of goods, the input tax on purchasing of taxable items shall not be
credited against the output tax in any one of the following circumstances:
(1) Failing to obtain special invoices as stipulated;
(2) Failing to preserve special invoices as stipulated; or
(3) The special invoices issued by sellers do not conform with the
requirements prescribed in Paragraphs (1) to (9) and Paragraph (11) of
Article 5 of the Provisions.
Article 9
"Failing to obtain special invoices as stipulated" mentioned in
Article 8 of the Provisions refers to one of the following circumstances:
(1) Failing to obtain special invoices from sellers; or
(2) Obtaining only the "bookkeeping copy" or obtaining only the
credit copy.
Article 10
"Failing to preserve special invoices as stipulated" mentioned in
Articles 2 and 8 of the Provisions refers to one of the following
circumstances:
(1) Failing to institute a special invoices control system as
required by tax authorities;
(2) Failing to assign a special person to safe-keep special invoices
as required by tax authorities;
(3) Failing to assign a special place for the safe-keeping of special
invoices as required by tax authorities;
(4) Failing to bind "credit copies" into booklets as required by tax
authorities;
(5) Unauthorized destruction of the basic copies of special invoices
that have not been checked or examined by tax authorities;
(6) Loss of the special invoices;
(7) Damaging (or tearing apart) special invoices; or
(8) Failing to meet other requirements for the preservation of
special invoices specified by the State Administration of Taxation or
taxation bureaux which are directly under it.
Article 11
If input tax on the purchase of taxable items has already been
credited with the output tax in any of the cases mentioned in Article 8 of
the Provisions, the credited amount shall be deducted from the input tax
on purchases in the period when the circumstances are discovered by tax
authorities.
Article 12
If, after goods have been sold and special invoices have been issued
to a purchaser, the goods are returned or having a discount allowed, they
shall be dealt with on the merits of each case and in accordance with the
following provisions:
In case when the purchaser has neither paid for the goods nor booked
them in the accounts, he or she should take the initiative to return the
original "invoice copy" and "credit copy" to the seller. After receiving
these copies, the seller should write the word "cancelled" on them and on
the related "stub copy" and "bookkeeping copy," which may be used as
certificates for deducting the output tax of the current period. Before
the seller receives the special invoices returned by a purchaser, he or
she cannot deduct the output tax of the current period. In case of
discount allowed, the seller shall issue special invoices anew on the
basis of the discounted prices.
If a purchaser has paid for the goods or though the goods have not
yet been paid but have been booked in the accounts, the purchaser cannot
return the "invoice copy" and "credit copy", he or she must secure a
"goods returned" or "discount claimed" certificate (hereinafter referred
to as the "certificate") issued by local competent tax authorities and
send it to seller, so that the latter may use it as the legal certificates
for issuing a red- letter special invoice. Before receiving the
certificate, the seller nay not issue any red-letter special invoice
Having received the certificate, the seller shall issue a red-letter
special invoice to the purchaser in accordance with the amount and prices
of goods returned or the amount of money discounted. The "stub copy" and
"bookkeeping copy" of the red-letter special invoice can be used by the
seller as certificates for deducting the output tax on saies of the
current period, while the "invoice copy" and "credit copy" can be used by
the purchaser as certificates for deducting the input tax.
After receiving the red-letter special invoice, the purchaser should
deduct the amount of Value-Added Tax specified on that invoice from the
input tax of the current period. Any default or decrease of tax payment
resulting from failure to make such deduction shall be regarded as tax
evasion.
Article 13
Taxpayers that use electronic computers in issuing special invoices
must apply to the tax authorities for approval and the use of
non-computer-printed invoices produced under the control and supervision
of the tax authorities.
Article 14
Generally taxpayers that meet the following conditions may apply to
the tax authorities for the use of electronic computers in issuing special
invoices:
(1) Have specialized electronic computer technicians and operators;
(2) Have the capacity and capability of issuing special invoices and
printing out monthly reports of purchases, sales and inventories through
electronic computers; and
(3) Can meet other conditions prescribed by taxation bureaux which
are directly under the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 15
Applicants for the use of electronic computers must file their
applications with the tax authorities alongside the following information:
(1) An analog sample produced by electronic computer based on the
form of special invoices (non-computer-printed invoices);
(2) The reports of purchases, sales and inventories of the latest
month, which is in accordance with the accounting operation procedures,
produced by electronic computer.
(3) The configuration of electronic computer equipment;
(4) Information about the specialized electronic computer technicians
and operators; and
(5) Other information requested by the taxation bureaux which are
directly under the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 16
Users of special invoices must truthfully record information on
purchase and use (including cancelled) of invoices and any invoices left
unused in the data columns appended to the every
month.
Article 17
The "goods returned" or "discount claimed" certificate is basically
in triplicate: the first copy is "stub copy", which shall be kept by tax
authorities for records; the second copy is "certificate copy", which the
purchaser should send it to the seller and is to be used as the legal
certificates for issuing red-letter special invoices; the third copy shall
be retained by the purchaser.
Certificates must be issued by tax authorities and affixed with the
stamp of the tax authorities; certificates cannot be given to the
taxpayers for the issuance of the certificates by themselves.
Certificates shall be printed in accordance with the People's Republic of China for the control of Invoices> and the relevant
provisions of the Detailed Rules and Regulations.
General taxpayers shall bind the certificate received into booklets
as required by the tax authorities and keep them in accordance with the
relevant certificate preservation provisions.
Article 18
The forms of special invoices and the format of "goods returned" or
"discount claimed" certificates shall be drawn up by the State
Administration of Taxation on a unified basis. They shall not be altered
by other organizations or taxpayers without authorization.
Article 19
"Tax authorities" and "competent tax authorities" mentioned in the
Provisions refer to the State Administration of Taxation and the
tax-collecting authorities that are one level above of the taxation
bureaux which are directly under the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 20
Provisions shall come into effect on January 1, 1994.